Chronic kidney disease is a major health problem in Sri Lanka since in last 8-10 years. CKDu or chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology is characteristic from other kidney disease by its slow progressive asymptomatic development. This disease start at a younger age group and it is common among people who engaged in agriculture typically around age 40-60 years
In chronic kidney disease kidney dose not usually fail at once instead it slowly stepwise fail to perform it tasks chronic kidney disease involves 5 stages. Therefore stage 5 chronic kidney disease is also referred to as kidney failure, end-stage kidney disease, or end-stage renal disease, wherein there is total or near-total loss of kidney function. There is dangerous accumulation of water, waste, and toxic substances, and most individuals in this stage of kidney disease need dialysis or transplantation to stay alive.
Stage | Description | GFR* mL/min/1.73m2 |
1 | Slight kidney damage with normal or increased filtration | More than 90 |
2 | Mild decrease in kidney function | 60-89 |
3 | Moderate decrease in kidney function | 30-59 |
4 | Severe decrease in kidney function | 15-29 |
5 | Kidney failure | Less than 15 (or dialysis) |
"GFR level," or glomerular filtration rate, is a measure of how well your kidneys are cleaning your blood. Your doctor can calculate your GFR, based on a formula.
As I mention early CKDu is common among people who involve in agriculture. Geographically it is distributed in North central region ( North central province, part of North weston and part of Uva province) like Medawachchiya, Padaviya, Dehiaththakandiya. Since CKDu is a major helth problem in Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan government try to identify the prevalence and main determinant of the chronic kidney disease. In this process researches and local authorities are mainly consider about
• Case Control study
• Cohort study
• Renal biopsy study (tissue and data collection)
• Environmental study group for case control phase of the study
• Environmental study group for analysis of water for case
• control study
• Post mortem study group (collection of organs and data)
• Human tissue (post mortem), urine and blood analysis study
• Chronic Kidney Disease registry and Geographical Mapping study
• Study group for analysis of animal tissues study
• Nutrition and Sociology Study
Even though several studies have been conducted main reason for CKDu is not yet verified by any research group that are involve in CKDu researches. But there are some acceptable explanations and theories associated with CKDu
01. Excessive quantities of naturally found fluoride in the ground water which can harm the kidney.
02. Excessive use of fertilizers, Insecticides, and weedicides.
03. The use of aluminum utensils made out of low quality cheap Aluminum to store water and to prepare food. The fluoride content found in the groundwater reacts with the Aluminum creating Toxic compounds (ALF x)
04. Entry of Toxic element such as Cadmium via food chain
05. Excessive consumption of poor quality illegal liquor.
Other than these explanations mycotoxins, use of herbal/ ayurvedic medicine, smoking and history of snakebite are some other factors to be considered. A combination of two or more of above factors possibly a synergistic effect. Or chemical substance form by combining agrochemical derivatives and naturally found Fluoride could also be responsible.
Reference:-
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ReplyDeleteInformative blog. Chronic kidney disease is a longstanding disease of the kidneys leading to renal failure. Here I observed five stages of this disease and mapping study of disease. Thanks for sharing the information. Apart from this article I learned Springdale clinic is the right place to take treatment on mental health issues.
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